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Shut off the water supply to the heater and the power or gas supply if it is safe to do so, move valuables away from the area, and call a licensed plumber for an immediate inspection. Avoid standing water near electrical components and do not try to repair major tank leaks yourself.

Signs of an emergency include visible flooding, a burst or severely leaking tank, a gas smell near a gas-fired heater, or scalding-temperature water coming from taps. For any condition that risks property damage, fire, or personal injury, contact an emergency plumbing professional right away.

Tank heaters store hot water and are simpler and often cheaper up-front, while tankless heaters heat water on demand, offering higher energy efficiency and a smaller footprint. Tankless units typically last longer but can cost more to install and sometimes require upgraded gas lines or electrical service.

Annual maintenance is recommended for most water heaters. Common tasks include flushing the tank to remove sediment, checking and testing the temperature and pressure relief valve, inspecting the anode rod, and verifying burner or element operation. Regular service extends lifespan and improves efficiency.

Cost depends on the type and size of the unit, fuel source (electric, gas, or propane), venting or electrical upgrades needed, labor complexity, local permits and code requirements, and whether additional plumbing or gas line work is required. Ask for an on-site estimate for an accurate price.

Sizing is based on required flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM) for simultaneous fixtures and the temperature rise needed (difference between incoming groundwater temperature and desired output). A qualified plumber will calculate typical peak demand and recommend a unit with the appropriate flow and power capacity.

Discolored hot water is often caused by sediment buildup or corrosion of the tank or anode rod. Flushing the tank can remove sediment, and replacing a deteriorated anode rod or the tank may be necessary. A plumber can diagnose whether a repair will restore water quality or if replacement is required.

Many jurisdictions require permits for water heater replacement or installation because of safety, venting, and fuel code concerns. A licensed plumber can determine permit requirements, obtain permits if needed, and perform the work to meet local codes and safety standards.